Hello everybody,
In one of my early posts, I talked about carbohydrates and introduced the concept of High and Low GI foods. Today’s post is a follow up to that and is based on a request to talk about the connection between the food we eat and our blood sugar levels.
So let’s begin….
The nutrients found in food are divided into MACRO and MICRO nutrients. Carbohydrates, Protein and Fat are the Macro-nutrients. They are needed for standard body functions. The Micro-nutrients are vitamins and minerals found in our dairy, fruits and vegetables. These work on breaking down the Macro-nutrients during digestion.
The simplest form of sugar molecules is GLUCOSE and everything we eat breaks down into glucose in our body… (yes, protein, carbohydrates, fat, fruits, vegetables…they all break down into glucose in some form, quantity and at different timelines).
When food is broken down into glucose, the body releases the hormone INSULIN to take it up and allow it to be used by insulin dependent tissues (muscle, red blood cells, fat cells and the brain). Insulin is also responsible for sending signals once glucose levels are low, causing you to crave sugary, fatty food.
Looking at the chart above, once glucose is released in the blood stream, insulin kicks in and absorbs it all, giving it to the cells that need it. The excess sugar is stored as glycogen in the liver (for future use) and as fat in the body. Once glucose levels dip, insulin triggers food cravings and more sugar for energy…and the cycle continues.
Food affects your blood sugar levels, either negatively or positively.
As I stated in the beginning of this post, all foods get converted to glucose one way or another (still shocking right?). However, they do this at different rates and in different quantities/ volumes.
Foods containing carbohydrates (fruits, starchy vegetables, milk and yogurt) will affect your blood glucose levels the most, as carbohydrates convert quicker to glucose than protein and fat. Carbohydrate has been demonized more often than not as the source and epicenter of all our health problems. However as I have mentioned in previous posts, the trick is to consume whole grain; Low GI; complex carbohydrates to slow down the conversion to glucose and promote weight loss.
Since Carbohydrates convert into within 1-2 hours, eating carbohydrate only or carbohydrate rich foods will raise blood glucose more quickly than meals combined with protein and fats (which convert within 2-4 hours and 8-10 hours respectively). Eating combined meals make you feel fuller for longer, as energy is released slowly into the body.
Secondly, the portion size of your meals also has an effect on your blood glucose levels. Eating more food or bigger portions has a higher effect than eating smaller / recommended portions. This is because your daily requirements are in a standard portion size; eating more than this encourages the body to store the excess as fat in the muscles.
In the chart above, smaller combined meals, means the body is receiving the recommended portions of the food groups. This ensures blood glucose levels do not spike upwards or downwards as energy requirements are being fulfilled adequately.
It is important to monitor your food sizes especially when buying packed food (look at the nutritional information and pay attention to the total carbohydrate size per gram).
Thirdly, the timing of your meals (and snacks) and the intervals between each meal also has an effect on blood glucose levels. To lose weight, you should either eat every 2-3 hours or ensure your meals are eaten at the same time everyday to keep blood glucose levels consistent.
Non-breakfast eaters this is for you….
Late night/ continuous fasting eaters, this is for you…
Double portion eaters, this is also for you…
As detailed in the above chart, not eating at the appropriate time or recommended portions causes blood sugar spikes. It is either your body has too much sugar (food + processed sugar: fizzy drinks and sugary snacks) or it does not have enough or consistent sugar levels. In both scenarios, your body is storing FAT!!!!
Another danger of continuous blood glucose spikes is that it puts you at the risk of developing:
- High cholesterol levels
- High Blood pressure levels
- Insulin resistance (cells resisting insulin; body storing sugar as fat; feeling tired and hungry easily)
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Cardio-Vascular disease.
Fourthly, bad stress management also has an effect on our blood glucose levels. Stress forces us to binge eat, consume too much alcohol and smoke (in some cases).
BALANCING YOUR BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS
- Eating regular meals throughout the day. This helps your blood glucose levels rise slowly.
- Consuming more low GI carbohydrates and whole grains. These release energy slowly; make you feel fuller longer (therefore you eat less); and moderate your blood sugar levels.
High GI foods convert to glucose quicker and are used as energy faster; whilst Low GI foods convert slower; peak lower; release energy slower and keep you full for longer. They help you lose weight by stabilising your blood sugar levels and encouraging the body to burn fat and not muscle.
- Ingesting more soluble fibrous foods (these slow down the digestion of starches along with the absorption of glucose into the blood stream).
- Incorporating more protein and moderate (healthy) fat into your meals. This stimulates the production of GLUCAGON, a peptide hormone that encourages the liver to burn stored fat (triglycerides) into fatty acids for use as fuel/ energy by the cells. This ensures the brain has a good supply of fuel for 3-4 hours!
You actually want GLUCAGON in your life and body, it is the opposite of insulin and allows the body regulate the utilisation of glucose and fats.
The two charts above show you why proteins should be incorporated into your meals. Consuming lean protein+ complex carbohydrates (Low GI) ensures your body has fuel (for energy) for over 3 hours! This means you feel full and have no need or desire to snack on sugary, fatty items to boost your energy levels….
The charts above show the glucose-conversion time frame of most foods. This is just additional information to show why all your meals should have complex carbohydrate+ lean protein combinations.
For example, in chart 1, Canned Kidney Beans and Canned Salmon spike the least and keep on releasing energy after 2 hours. In chart 2, eggs barely spike and keep on releasing energy after 2 hours. A combination of whole oats and protein in both charts is perfect for maintaining blood glucose levels in the fat burning zone, as Glucagon kicks into effect when the glucose from the carbohydrate drops.
BENEFITS OF STABLE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS
- Fat burning!!!!!
- The body releases fat, protects lean muscle, eliminates cravings and increases energy.
- Improved concentration.
- Improved moods.
- Reduces hormonal imbalance.
Stable blood glucose levels keep your body in the fat burning zone!
So the equation is simple: reduce your carbohydrates; add protein; fibre and all the other good stuff! You will lose the weight and stay healthy!
Was this post interesting or helpful? Please leave a comment below!
If you want to read about any food related topic, kindly let me know and I will publish a post on your desired topic as soon as possible.
Stay blessed!